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Biosensors and Microfluidics Program

(c) 2006 
Kevin Lear
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Optoelectronics Research Group Publications

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For a list of Prof. Lear's older papers and presentations maintained by the ECE Department that may not be as up to date, click here.  A few of his more frequently cited, selected publications from Sandia appear at the bottom of this page.

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This material is presented to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work. Copyright and all rights therein are retained by authors or by other copyright holders. All persons copying this information are expected to adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. In most cases, these works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder.

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For material copyrighted by AIP:  © (199x - 200x) American Institute of Physics. These articles may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics.  Some of the following articles appeared in various AIP journals as indicated in the following citations and may be found at http://link.aip.org/link/APPLAB for Applied Physics Letters articles.  Click on the journal name in each citation for the specfic citation's link.

For material copyrighted by RSC: © (199x - 200x) Royal Society of Chemistry.
 

Journal papers

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T.A. Erickson and K.L. Lear, “An Integrated Optoelectronic Chip for Sensing Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contaminants in Groundwater”, Sensors & Actuators: B. Chemical, vol. 204, pp. 421-428, DOI:10.1016/j.snb.2014.06.020, December 2014.

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T.A. Erickson, R. Nijjar, M.J. Kipper, K.L. Lear, “Characterization of plasma-enhanced Teflon AF for sensing benzene, toluene, and xylenes in water with near-IR surface plasmon resonance”, Talanta, vol. 119, pp. 151-156, DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.10.038, February 2014.

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I.G. Thakkar, K.L. Lear, J. Vickers, B.C. Heinze, and K.F. Reardon, “A plastic total internal relfection photoluminescence device for enzymatic biosensing”, Lab on a Chip, vol. 13, pp. 4775-4783, DOI: 10.1039/C3LC50692D, September 2013.

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T.A. Erickson and K.L. Lear, “Optimization of the Local Evanescent Array-Coupled Optoelectronic Sensing Chip for Enhanced, Portable, Real-Time Sensing”, IEEE Sensors, vol. 13, pp. 1905-1013, DOI:10.1109/JSEN.2013.2242058, May 2013.

A N Al-Omari , M.S. Alias, A. Abaneh, and K L Lear, “Improved performance of top-emitting oxide-confined polyimide-planarized 980 nm VCSELs with copper-plated heat sinks”, Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics vol. 45, DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/45/50/505101, December 2012.

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R. Yan, N.S. Lynn, L.C. Kingry, Z. Yi,T.A. Erickson, R.A. Slayden, D.S. Dandy, and K.L. Lear, “Detection of virus-like nanoparticles via scattering using a chip-scale optical biosensor”, Applied Physics Letters, vol. 101, DOI: 10.1063/1.4758294, October 2012.

J.S. Lee and K.L. Lear, “Deuterium-incorporated Gate Oxide of MOS Devices Fabricated by Using Deuterium Ion Implantation”, Journal of the Korean Physical Society vol. 60 pp. 1056-1062 DOI: 10.3938/jkps.60.1056, April 2012.

A N Al-Omari and K L Lear, “Fabrication and performance of bottom-emitting flip-chip bonded 980 nm vertical-cavity lasers with copper- and indium-plated heat-sinks”,Semicond. Sci. Technol. vol. 26, id 125020, DOI:10.1088/0268-1242/26/12/125020, December 2011.

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W. Wang, D.W. Kisker, D.H. Thamm, H. Shao and K.L. Lear “Optofluidic Intracavity Spectroscopy of Canine Hemangiosarcoma”, IEEE Trans. Biomedical Engineering, vol. 58, pp. 853-860, DOI:10.1109/TBME.2010.2045893 , April 2011.
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RJ. Yan, N.S. Lynn, L.C. Kingry, ZJ. Yi, R.A. Slayden, D.S. Dandy and K.L. Lear, “Waveguide biosensor with integrated detector array for tuberculosis testing”, Applied Physics Letters, vol. 98, id 013702, DOI:10.1063/1.3520142, January 2011.

A.N. Al-Omari and K.L. Lear, “High-speed 980 nm vertical cavity surface emitting lasers with a multi-oxide layer structure for single-mode operation”, IET Optoelectronics, vol. 5, pp. 57-61, DOI: 10.1049/iet-opt.2009.0059, April 2011.

R. Safaisini, J. Joseph and K.L. Lear “Scalable High-CW-Power High-Speed 980-nm VCSEL Arrays”, IEEE J. Quantum Electronics, vol. 46, pp. 1590-1596, DOI:10.1109/JQE.2010.2053917, November 2010.

pdf fileC. Thangaraj, R. Pownall, P. Nikkel, GW Yuan, K.L. Lear, and T. Chen, “Fully CMOS-Compatible On-Chip Optical Clock Distribution & Recovery”, IEEE Trans. on Very Large Scale Integration Systems, vol. 17, pp. 1385-1398, DOI:10.1109/TVLSI.2009.2024206, October 2010.
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R. Pownall, C. Thangaraj, G. Yuan, P. Nikkel, T.W. Chen, K.L. Lear, "CMOS Optoelectronic Components for Clock Distribution", Microelectronic Engineering, vol. 87, pp. 1838-1845, DOI:10.1016/j.mee.2009.10.051, October 2010.

 

R. Pownall, J. Kindt, P. Nikkel and K.L. Lear, "AC Performance of Polysilicon Leaky-Mode MSM Photodetectors", IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technology, vol. 28 pp. 2724 – 2729, DOI:10.1109/JLT.2010.2063016, 15 September 2010.

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W. Wang and K. L. Lear “A cell lens model for optofluidic intracavity spectroscopy transverse mode spectra”, IEEE J. Special Topics in Quantum Electronics (special issue on Biophotonics), vol. 16, pp. 946-953, DOI:10.1109/JSTQE.2009.2035363, July/August 2010.

 

M.D. Stephens, GW. Yuan, K.L. Lear and D.S. Dandy, "Optical and physical characterization of a local evanescent array coupled biosensor: Use of evanescent field perturbations for multianalyte sensing", Sensors & Actuators: B. Chemical, vol. 145, pp. 769-774, DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2010.01.046, 19 March 2010.

pdf fileRJ. Yan, S.P. Mestas, GW. Yuan, R. Safaisini, and K.L. Lear, “Response of local evanescent array coupled biosensors to organic nanofilms”, IEEE J. Special Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol. 15, pp. 1469–1477, DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2009.2017207, September/October 2009
pdf file

A.N. Al-Omari,  I.K. Al-Kofahi, and K.L. Lear, “Fabrication, performance and parasitic parameter extraction of 850nm high-speed vertical-cavity lasers”, Semiconductor Science & Technology, vol. 24, id. 095024 (8pp), DOI: 10.1088/0268-1242/24/9/095024, August 2009.

pdf fileRJ. Yan, S.P. Mestas, G. Yuan, R. Safaisini, D.S. Dandy, and K.L. Lear, “Label-free silicon photonic biosensor system with integrated detector array”, Lab on a Chip, vol. 9, pp. 2163–2168, DOI: 10.1039/b902111f, August 2009. (Article featured on front cover and promoted as a “hot article”.)
pdf fileR. Safaisini, J.R. Joseph, G. Dang, and K.L. Lear, “Scalable high-power, high-speed CW VCSEL arrays”, Electronics Letters, vol. 45, pp. 414-415, DOI: 10.1049/el.2009.3353, April 2009.
pdf fileH. Shao, W. Wang, S.E. Lana, and K. L. Lear, “Optofluidic Intracavity Spectroscopy of Canine Lymphoma and Lymphocytes”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 20, pp. 493 - 495, April 2008.
pdf fileS. Pieper, S. Mestas, K.L. Lear, Z. Zhong, K.F. Reardon, “Phosphorescence Characteristics of Ruthenium Complex as an Optical Transducer for Biosensors”, Applied Physics Letters, Letter 92, pp. 081915, February 2008.
pdf fileA. Al-Omari and K.L. Lear, “Low current density, inverted polarity, high speed, top emitting 850nm VCSELs”, IET Optoelectronics, vol. 1, pp. 221-225, October 2007.
pdf fileR. Pownall, G.W. Yuan, T.W. Chen, P. Nikkel, and K.L. Lear, “Geometry Dependence of CMOS Compatible, Polysilicon, Leaky-Mode Photodetectors”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 19, pp. 513-515, April 2007.
pdf fileH. Shao, D. Kumar, and K. L. Lear, “Single Cell Detection Using Optofluidic Intracavity Spectroscopy”, IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 6, pp. 1543-1550, December 2006.
pdf file G. Yuan, R. Pownall, P. Nikkel, C. Thangaraj, T.W. Chen, and K.L. Lear, “Characterization of CMOS compatible, waveguide coupled leaky-mode photodetectors”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters., vol. 18, pp. 1657-1659, August 2006.
pdf fileA. Al-Omari, G. P. Carey , S. Hallstein, J. P. Watson, G. Dang, and K. L. Lear, “Low Thermal Resistance, High Speed, Top Emitting 980nm VCSELs”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 18, pp. 1225-1227, June 2006.
pdf fileA. Al-Omari and K. L. Lear, “Dielectric Characteristics of Spin-Coated Films Using On-Wafer Parallel-Plate Capacitors at Microwave Frequencies”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, vol. 12, pp. 1151-1161, December, 2005.
pdf fileG.W. Yuan, K.L. Lear, M.D. Stephens, and D.S. Dandy, “Characterization of a 90° waveguide bend using near-field scanning optical microscopy”, Applied Physics Letters, vol. 87, ID: 191107, November, 2005.
pdf file G.W. Yuan, M.D. Stephens, D.S. Dandy, and K.L. Lear, “Direct imaging of transient interference in a single mode waveguide using NSOM”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 17, pp. 2382-2384, November, 2005.
pdf fileA. Al-Omari and K. L. Lear, “VCSELs with a Self-Aligned Contact and Copper-Plated Heatsink”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 17, pp. 1767-1769, September, 2005.
pdf file H. Shao, D. Kumar, S. Feld, and K. L. Lear, “Fabrication of a Fabry-Perot Cavity in a Microfluidic Channel Using Thermocompressive Gold Bonding of Glass Substrates”, IEEE Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, vol. 15, pp. 756-762, August, 2005.
pdf fileG.W. Pickrell, D.A. Louderback, M.A. Fish, J.J. Hindi, H.C. Lin, M.C. Simpson, P. S. Guilfoyle, and K. L. Lear, “Compositional Grading in Distributed Bragg Reflectors, Using Discrete Alloys, in Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers”, Journal of Crystal Growth, vol. 280, pp. 54-59, June 2005.
pdf fileS. Al-Sowayan and K. L. Lear, “Data Pattern Dependence of VCSEL Far-Field Distributions”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 16, pp. 2215-2217, October, 2004.
pdf fileA. Al-Omari and K. L. Lear, “Polyimide Planarized, Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers with 17.0 GHz Bandwidth”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 16, pp. 969-971, April, 2004.


Conference extended manuscripts   

pdf file(Invited) K. L. Lear and A. N. AL-Omari, "Progress and Issues for High Speed Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers", Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XI in Photonics West 2007 (SPIE), vol. 6484,  pp. 64840J, 2007.
pdf fileG. Yuan, M. D. Stephens, D. S. Dandy, and K. L. Lear, “Directly detecting thin polymer and organic adlayers using a local evanescent-field array coupled waveguide sensor”, Integrated Optics, Devices, Materials, and Technologies XI in series Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 6475, 2007.
pdf fileG. Yuan and K.L. Lear, “Metrology of integrated waveguide devices and systems using near-field scanning optical microscopy”,Symposium on Fiber Measurement (SOFM), paper I-4, Boulder, Colorado, September 18-20, 2006
pdf fileG. Yuan, M. Stephens, D.S. Dandy, and K.L. Lear, “Initial demonstration of a local, evanescent, array coupled biosensor”, 4th IEEE International Conference on Sensors, paper B4P-G, Irvine, California, pp. 908-911, October 31, 2005
pdf fileH. Shao, D. Kumar, and K. L. Lear, “Single Cell Detection Capability of an Optofluidic Intracavity Spectroscopic Biosensor”, 4th IEEE International Conference on Sensors , paper A2L-C, Irvine, California, pp. 183-186, October 31, 2005.
 A.N. Al-Omari and K.L. Lear, “Bottom-emitting flip-chip VCSEL structure with reduced constraints on modulation response”, Conference on Photonic Devices and Algorithms for Computing VI in series Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 5556, p. 199-205, 2004.
 A.M. Raza, G.W. Yuan, C.K. Thangaraj, T. Chen, and K.L. Lear, “Waveguide coupled CMOS photodetector for on-chip optical interconnects”, Conference on Photonic Devices and Algorithms for Computing VI in series Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 5556, p. 27-33, 2004.
 G.W. Yuan, M.D. Stephens, D.S. Dandy, and K.L. Lear, “Novel local evanescent field detection waveguide multianalyte biosensor”, Optical Information Systems II in series Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 5557, p. 140-146, 2004.
 H. Shao, D. Kumar, and K.L. Lear, “Microfludic passive cavity interferometer-based biosensor”, Optical Information Systems II in series Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 5557, p. 147-155, 2004.
 D. Kumar, H.Shao, and K.L. Lear, “Dependence of vertical cavity surface emitting laser diodes with integrated micro-fluidic channels on fluid refractive index”, Optical Information Systems II in series Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 5557, p. 156-161, 2004.
 A. N. Al-Omari and K. L. Lear, “High-speed polyimide-planarized vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers”, Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers VIII in series Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 5364, p. 73-79, 2004.
 S. Al-Sowayan and K. L. Lear, “Beam divergence angle distribution dependence on data pattern”, Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers VIII in series Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 5364, pp. 138-145, 2004.
 V. V. Doan, G. P. Carey, H. Zhou, A. Moorandian, I. Jenks, A. Lewis, and K. L. Lear, “Reliability of 980-nm lasers diode based on Novalux extended cavity surface-emitting laser (NECSEL) concept”, Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers VIII in series Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 5364, p. 190-200, 2004.
 T. Yu, T. Ao, K. Hartinger, H. Shao, C.W. Wilmsen, K.L. Lear, K.M. Geib, S.A. Feld “Electrically pumped fluidic cavity (EPFC) VCSEL for the detection of biologic agents”, Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers VII in series Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 4994, pp. 206-215, 2003.
 E.M. Strzelecka, J.G. McInerney, A.Mooradian, A.Lewis, A.V. Shchegrov, D.Lee, J.P. Watson, K.W. Kennedy, G.P. Carey, H. Zhou, W. Ha, B.D. Cantos, W.R. Hitchens, D.L. Heald, V.V. Doan, K.L. Lear, “High-power high-brightness 980-nm lasers based on the extended cavity surface emitting lasers concept”, High-Power Fiber and Semiconductor Lasers in series Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 4993, pp. 57-67, 2003.
 J.G. McInerney, A.Mooradian, A.Lewis, A.V. Shchegrov, E.M. Strzelecka, D.Lee, J.P. Watson, M.K. Liebman, G.P. Carey, A.Umbrasas, C.A. Amsden, B.D. Cantos, W.R. Hitchens, D.L. Heald, V.V. Doan, J. L. Cannon, K.L. Lear, “High-brightness 980-nm pump lasers based on the Novalux extended cavity surface-emitting laser (NECSEL) concept”, Laser Diodes, Optoelectronic Devices, and Heterogenous Integration in series Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 4947, pp. 240-251, 2003.


Conference presentation abstracts/summaries

 R. Pownall, C. Thangaraj, T.W. Chen, and K.L. Lear, "DC and AC performance of leaky mode MSM polysilicon photodetectors", to be presented at Optical Components and Materials VII in Photonics West 2010 (SPIE), paper 7598-36, Jan. 28, 2010.
 R. Safaisini, K. Johnson, and K.L. Lear, "Thermal resistance reduction in 670nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers", to be presented at Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XIV in Photonics West 2010 (SPIE), paper 7615-20, Jan. 28, 2010.
 J. Joseph, R. Safaisini, G. Dang, and K.L. Lear, "Non-mechanical beam steering of high-speed VCSEL arrays", to be presented at Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XIV in Photonics West 2010 (SPIE), paper 7615-10, Jan. 27, 2010.
 Z. Yi, Z. Zhong, K. Reardon, W. Wang, M. Katragadda, K.L. Lear, "A multichannel fiber optic photoluminescence based biosensor", to be presented at Optical Fibers and Sensors for Medical Diagnostics and Treatment Applications X in Photonics West 2010 (SPIE), paper 7559-20, Jan. 24, 2010.
 (Invited) K.L. Lear and RJ. Yan, "A photonic biosensor system on a CMOS chip", to be presented at Silicon Photonics V in Photonics West 2010 (SPIE), paper 7606-11, Jan. 24, 2010.
 RJ. Yan, L.C. Kingry, R.A. Slayden, and K.L. Lear, "Demonstration of the immunoassay using local evanescent array coupled biosensor", to be presented at Optical Fibers and Sensors for Medical Diagnostics and Treatment Applications X in Photonics West 2010 (SPIE), paper 7559-14, Jan. 23, 2010.
 W. Wang, D.H. Thamm, D.W. Kisker, and K.L. Lear, "Transverse mode analysis of optofluidic intracavity spectroscopy of canine hemangiosarcoma", to be presented at Optical Fibers and Sensors for Medical Diagnostics and Treatment Applications X in Photonics West 2010 (SPIE), paper 7559-12, Jan. 23 , 2010.
 Z. Zhong, W. Wang, K. L. Lear, D. S. Dandy, and K.F. Reardon, “Fiber optical enzymatic biosensor array for measurement of chlorinated solvent mixtures using a chemometric approach’, to be presented at AIChE Annual Meeting, paper 166315, Nashville, TN, November 10, 2009
 R. Safaisini, J.R. Joseph, G. Dang, and K.L. Lear, “Uniform High Bandwidth, High CW Power VCSEL Arrays”, CLEO 2009, paper CMSS4, Baltimore, Maryland, June 1, 2009.
 RJ. Yan, S.P. Mestas, GW. Yuan, and K.L. Lear, “High Sensitivity Local Evanescent Array Coupled Biosensors”, CLEO 2009, paper CTuCC5, Baltimore, Maryland, June 2, 2009.
 (Invited) K. L. Lear, RJ. Yan, S.P. Mestas, R. Safaisini, "An Integrated Photonic Waveguide Biosensor System on a Chip", IEEE Semiconductor Conference Dresden, 2009, paper D2-1, Dresden, Germany, April 30, 2009.
 Z. Zhong, M. Fritzsche, S. Pieper, W. Wang, T. K. Wood, K. L. Lear, D. S. Dandy, and K.F. Reardon, “Measurement of Toluene and Trichloroethylene Using Oxygenase-Based Fiber-Optic Biosensors”, AIChE Annual Meeting, paper 130815, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, November 16-21, 2008.
 R. Yan, G. Yuan, S.Mestas, R. Safaisini, and K.L. Lear, “Demonstration of Local Evanescent Array Coupled Biosensors with Organic Nanofilms”, IEEE LEOS 21st Annual Meeting, paper TuL-3, Newport Beach, California, November 9-13, 2008.
 C. Thangaraj, R. Pownall, P. Nikkel, GW Yuan, K.L. Lear, and T.W. Chen, “A Fully CMOS-Compatible Optical H-Tree & Clock Recovery System”, 16th IFIP/IEEE International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI-SOC 2008), Rhodes Island, Greece, October 13-15, 2008.
 S.B. Pieper, S. Mestas, Z. Zhong, K.F. Reardon, K.L. Lear, “Temperature Dependence of Oxygen Sensitive Transducer”, CLEO/QELS 2008, paper JThA49, San Jose, California, May 4-9, 2008.
 (Invited) K. L. Lear and R. Safaisini, “Oxide Optics in VCSELs”, International Symposium on VCSELs and Integrated Photonics, paper F-2, pp. 84-86, Tokyo, Japan, December 17-18, 2007.
 C. Thangaraj, K. Stephenson, T. Chen, K. Lear, A.M. Raza, “Design of clock recovery circuits for optical clocking in DSM CMOS”, VLSI Circuits and Systems III in series Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 6590, p 65900F, 2007.
pdf fileR. Safaisini, J.R. Joseph, D. Louderback, X. Jin, and K.L. Lear, “Temperature Dependence of 980 nm VCSEL Dynamics”, IEEE LEOS 20th Annual Meeting, paper 10.1109/LEOS.2007.4382567, pp. 636 - 637, Orlando, Florida, October 21-25, 2007.
pdf fileS. Pieper, Z. Zhong, K.F. Reardon, and K.L. Lear,  “Optical Properties of Ru(dpp)3 for Phosphorescence Biosensors”, IEEE LEOS 20th Annual Meeting, paper 10.1109/LEOS.2007.4382396, pp. 300 - 301, Orlando, Florida, October 21-25, 2007.
pdf fileR. Yan,  G. Yuan, R. Pownall, and K.L. Lear, “A novel low-loss y-type splitter with adjustable branching ratio”, IEEE LEOS 20th Annual Meeting, paper 10.1109/LEOS.2007.4382520,  pp. 543-544, Orlando, Florida, October 21-25, 2007.
pdf fileK.L. Lear, G. Yuan, M.D. Stephens, X. He, R. Yan, C.S. Henry,  D.S. Dandy, “Response of local evanescent field to varying immunoassay complex coverage”, IEEE LEOS 20th Annual Meeting, paper 10.1109/LEOS.2007.4382397, pp. 302 – 303, Orlando, Florida, October 21-25, 2007.
 K. L. Lear, G. Yuan, M. D. Stephens, X. He, R. Pownall, R. Yan, P. Nikkel, C. S. Henry, T. W. Chen, and D. S. Dandy, “A Waveguide Biosensor’s Local Evanescent Field Response to an Immunoassay Complex”, IEEE LEOS Summer Topical Meetings/Biophotonics, paper TuB2.2, Portland, Oregon, July 24, 2007.
 K. L. Lear, H. Shao, W. Wang, and S. E. Lana, “Optofluidic Intracavity Spectroscopy of Canine Lymphoma and Lymphocytes”,  IEEE LEOS Summer Topical Meetings/Biophotonics, paper TuB4.4, Portland, Oregon, July 24, 2007. 
  R. Safaisini, A. N. AL-Omari, J.R. Joseph and K.L. Lear, “Dynamics of 980 nm VCSELs Characterized Using Temperature Dependent RIN Spectra”, 2007 APS March Meeting, paper X39.00011, Denver, Colorado, March 9, 2007.
 G. Yuan, R. Pownall, M. Stephens, D. Dandy, T.W. Chen, P. Nikkel and K.L. Lear, “Further demonstration of a local evanescent field array coupled (LEAC) biosensor concept”, 2007 APS March Meeting, paper R1.00139, Denver, Colorado, March 7, 2007.
 B. Pownall, G. Yuan and K.L. Lear, “Temperature Dependence of Polysilicon Photodetectors for Integrated Optical Sensors and Electronics Applications”, 2007 APS March Meeting, paper R1.00140, Denver, Colorado, March 7, 2007.
  M. Stephens, G. Yuan, A. Al-Omari, K. Lear, D. Dandy, “Evanescent field response to affinity binding on a planar optical waveguide”, 2007 APS March Meeting, paper R1.00164, Denver, Colorado, March 7, 2007.
 W. Wang, H. Shao and K. L. Lear, “Lab-on-a-chip Single Particle Dielectrophoretic Traps”, 2007 APS March Meeting, paper L30.00006, Denver, Colorado, March 6, 2007.
 R. Yan, G. Yuan, R. Pownall and K.L. Lear, “Waveguide Characterization Using Shear Force Scanning Optical Microscopy”, 2007 APS March Meeting, paper L38.00015, Denver, Colorado, March 6, 2007.
 G. Yuan, R. Yan, M. Stephens, D. Dandy and K.L. Lear, “Evanescent field response to small patterned features on a planar waveguide biosensor”, 2007 APS March Meeting, paper J41.00006, Denver, Colorado, March 6, 2007.
 H. Shao, W. Wang, S. E. Lana and K. L. Lear, “Optofluidic intracavity spectroscopy of single cells in a passive Fabry-Perot resonator”, 2007 APS March Meeting, paper B38.00006, Denver, Colorado, March 5, 2007.
 M. Stephens, G. Yuan, A. Al-Omari, K. Lear, D. Dandy, “Evanescent field response to patterned features on a planar waveguide measured with a buried detector array”, 2007 APS March Meeting, paper A38.00010, Denver, Colorado, March 5, 2007.
   S. Pieper, Z. Zhong, K.L. Lear, K. Reardon, “Evaluation of optical excitation conditions for ruthenium complex for biosensor optodes”, 2007 APS March Meeting, paper B38.00003, Denver, Colorado, March 5, 2007.
 (Invited) K. L. Lear and A. N. AL-Omari, "Progress and Issues for High Speed Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers", Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XI in Photonics West 2007 (SPIE), paper 6484-16,  San Jose, CA,  January 20-25, 2007.
 G. Yuan, M. D. Stephens, D. S. Dandy, and K. L. Lear, “Directly detecting thin polymer and organic adlayers using a local evanescent-field array coupled waveguide sensor”,  Integrated Optics, Devices, Materials, and Technologies XI in Photonics West 2007 (SPIE), paper 6475-5, San Jose, CA,  January  20-25, 2007. 
 M.D. Stephens, D.S. Dandy, K.L. Lear, G. Yuan, J.K. Gerding, A. Van Orden, C.S. Henry, “Evanescent Field Response to Patterned Features on a Planar Waveguide Biosensor”, AIChE Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, November 12-17, 2006.
 M.D. Stephens, D.S. Dandy, K.L. Lear, G. Yuan, J.K. Gerding, A. Van Orden, C.S. Henry, “Use of a Silicon Photo-Detector to Probe the Evanescent Field Surrounding a Planar Waveguide Sensor”, AIChE Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, November 12-17, 2006.
 B. Pownall, G. Yuan, T. W. Chen, P. Nikkel and K.L. Lear, “Geometry Dependence of Leaky-Mode, Waveguide-Coupled, Polysilicon Photodetectors”, IEEE LEOS 19th Annual Meeting, paper ThQ4, pp. 865–866, Montreal, Canada, October 29-November 2, 2006.
 G. Yuan, M. Stephens, D. S. Dandy, A. N. Al-Omari, and K. L. Lear, “Implementation of Buried Detector Arrays for Waveguide Sensors”, IEEE LEOS 19th Annual Meeting, paper TuW5, pp. 358–359, Montreal, Canada, October 29-November 2, 2006. 
 G. Yuan, M. Stephens, D. S. Dandy, J. Gerding, A. Van Orden, and K. L. Lear, “Evanescent Field Response to Small Features on a Planar Waveguide Biosensor”, IEEE LEOS 19th Annual Meeting, paper TuQ3, pp. 304–305, Montreal, Canada, October 29-November 2, 2006. 
 H. Shao and K.L. Lear, “Optofluidic Intracavity Spectroscopic Characterization of Standard Microparticles”, IEEE LEOS 19th Annual Meeting, paper TuO2, pp. 286–287, Montreal, Canada, October 29-November 2, 2006. 
 H. Shao, S. E. Lana, and K. L. Lear, “Intracavity Spectroscopy of Canine Lymphoma Cells in a Microfluidic Channel”, IEEE LEOS 19th Annual Meeting, paper TuA3, pp. 164–165, Montreal, Canada, October 29-November 2, 2006. 
pdf fileA. N. AL-Omari, G. P. Carey, S. Hallstein, J. P. Watson, G. Dang, and K. L. Lear, “Low Thermal Resistance, Low Current Density, High-Speed 980 and 850nm VCSELs”, 20th IEEE International Semiconductor Laser Conference, paper WC7, pp. 127–128, Waikoloa, Hawaii, September 17-21, 2006.
pdf fileG. Yuan and K.L. Lear, “Metrology of integrated waveguide devices and systems using near-field scanning optical microscopy”, Symposium on Fiber Measurement (SOFM), paper I-4, Boulder, Colorado, September 18-20, 2006
pdf fileH. Shao, D. Kumar, and K. L. Lear, “Optofluidic Intracavity Spectroscopy for Single Cell Detection”, 2006 IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meeting on Optofluidics, paper WA2.5, Quebec City, Canada, July 19, 2006.
pdf fileG. Yuan, M.D. Stephens, D.S. Dandy, and K.L. Lear, “Characterization of a 90° Waveguide Bend Using Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy”, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2006, paper CThBB6, Long Beach, CA, May 25, 2006.
pdf fileG. Yuan, M.D. Stephens, D.S. Dandy, J. Gerding, A. Van Orden, and K.L. Lear, “Local Evanescent, Array Coupled (LEAC) Biosensor Response to Low Index Adlayers”, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2006, paper CThL7, Long Beach, CA, May 25, 2006.
pdf fileG. Yuan, P. Nikkel, C. Thangaraj, T.W. Chen, R. Pownall, A. Iguchi, and K.L. Lear, “Optical Characterization of a Leaky-Mode Polysilicon Photodetector Using Near-Field Scaning Optical Microscopy”, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2006, paper CThD4, Long Beach, CA, May 25, 2006.
pdf fileD. Kumar, H. Shao, and K. L. Lear, “Vertical Cavity Laser and Passive Fabry Perot Interferometer Based Microfluidic Biosensors”, LACSEA 2006 (Laser Applications to Chemical, Security and Environmental Analysis Meeting), paper TuD3, Incline Village, Nevada, February 5-9, 2006.
 D.S. Dandy, M.D. Stephens, K.L. Lear, G. Yuan, D. Grainger, and P. Wu, “A local evanescent array coupled biosensor”, Pacifichem 2005, Honolulu, December 16-21, 2005.
 M.D. Stephens, D.S. Dandy, G. Yuan, and K.L. Lear, “Optical and physical characterization of a Local Evanescent Array Coupled biosensor”, AIChE Annual Conference, paper ???, Cincinnati, Ohio, October 31, 2005.
 G. Yuan, M. Stephens, D.S. Dandy, and K.L. Lear, “Initial demonstration of a local, evanescent, array coupled biosensor”, 4th IEEE International Conference on Sensors, paper B4P-G, Irvine, California, October 31, 2005.
 H. Shao, D. Kumar, and K. L. Lear, “Single Cell Detection Capability of an Optofluidic Intracavity Spectroscopic Biosensor”, 4th IEEE International Conference on Sensors, paper A2L-C, Irvine, California, October 31, 2005.
pdf fileS. Al-Sowayan and K. L. Lear, “Nonlinear Equalization of Multimode Fiber Links Considering VCSEL Non-Idealities”, OSA Annual Meeting/2005 Frontiers in Optics/ Laser Science Conference, paper FThE5, Tucson, AZ, October 16-20, 2005.
 G. Yuan, M. Stephens, D.S. Dandy, and K.L. Lear, “Characterization of Transient Interference in a Single Mode Waveguide”, OSA Annual Meeting/2005 Frontiers in Optics/ Laser Science Conference, paper FThQ4, Tucson, AZ, October 16-20, 2005.
 H. Shao, D. Kumar, and K. L. Lear, “Single Cell Detection Using a Microfluidic, Passive, Fabry-Perot Interferometer Based Biosensor”, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2005, Baltimore, MD, May 22-27, 2005.
 A.N. Al-Omari and K.L. Lear, “Improved Performance of Top-Emitting, Oxide-Confined VCSELs with Self-Aligned Contact and Cu-Plated Heatsink”, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2005, Baltimore, MD, May 22-27, 2005.
 M. Stephens, G. Yuan, K.L. Lear,and D.S. Dandy, “Sub-micron thickness planar optical waveguide deposition and characterization for application to evanescent wave sensing of analytes in an immunoassay biosensor”, AIChE Annual Meeting, Austin, TX, November 7-12, 2004.
 A.N. Al-Omari, S.A. Feld and K.L. Lear, “Novel VCSEL Structure with Reduced Constraints on Modulation Bandwidth”, IEEE LEOS 17th Annual Meeting, vol. 1, pp. 328 – 329, Puerto Rico, November 7-11, 2004.
pdf fileA.M. Raza, G.W. Yuan, C.K. Thangaraj, T. Chen, and K.L. Lear, “Waveguide coupled CMOS photodetector for on-chip optical interconnects”, IEEE LEOS 17th Annual Meeting, vol. 1, pp. 152 – 153, Puerto Rico, November 7-11, 2004.
 H. Shao, D. Kumar, S. Feld, and K.L. Lear, “Micro-fluidic passive cavity interferometer based biosensor”, IEEE LEOS 17th Annual Meeting, vol. 1, pp. 120-121, Puerto Rico, November 7-11, 2004.
pdf fileD. Kumar, H. Shao, and K.L. Lear, “Microfluidic cavity surface emitting laser based biosensor”, IEEE LEOS 17th Annual Meeting, vol. 1, pp. 118-119, Puerto Rico, November 7-11, 2004.
 S. Al-Sowayan and K. L. Lear, “Multimode Fiber Response Dependence on Data Pattern”, IEEE LEOS 17th Annual Meeting, vol. 2, pp. 757-758, Puerto Rico, November 7-11, 2004.
 S. Al-Sowayan and K. L. Lear, “MMF Bandwidth Enhancement By Longitudinal Displacement Launch”, IEEE LEOS 17th Annual Meeting, vol. 2, pp. 985-986, Puerto Rico, November 7-11, 2004.
 D. Kumar,H.Shao, and K.L. Lear, “Refractive index dependence of microfluidic channel on a vertical cavity surface emitting laser diode”, Optical Information Systems II in SPIE Annual Meeting, Denver, CO, August 4-5, 2004.
 H. Shao, D. Kumar, and K.L. Lear, “Microfludic passive cavity interferometer-based biosensor ”, Optical Information Systems II in SPIE Annual Meeting, Denver, CO, August 4-5, 2004.
 G.W. Yuan, M.D. Stephens, D.S. Dandy, and K.L. Lear, “Multi-analyte immunoassay waveguide sensor ”, Optical Information Systems II in SPIE Annual Meeting, Denver, CO, August 4-5, 2004.
 A.N. Al-Omari and K.L. Lear, “Novel VCSEL structure with reduced constraints on modulation ”, Photonic Devices and Algorithms for Computer VI in SPIE Annual Meeting, Denver, CO, August 2-3, 2004.
 A.M. Raza, C.K. Thangaraj, T. Chen, and K.L. Lear, “Waveguide coupled CMOS photodetector for on-chip optical interconnects ”, Photonic Devices and Algorithms for Computer VI in SPIE Annual Meeting, Denver, CO, August 2-3, 2004.
 A. N. Al-Omari and K. L. Lear, “High-speed polyimide-planarized vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers”, Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers VIII in Photonics West 2004(SPIE), vol. 5364, San Jose, CA, January 24-29, 2004.
 S. Al-Sowayan and K. L. Lear, “Beam divergence angle distribution dependence on data pattern”, Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers VIII in Photonics West 2004(SPIE), vol. 5364, San Jose, CA, January 24-29, 2004.
 V. V. Doan, G. P. Carey, H. Zhou, A. Moorandian, I. Jenks, A. Lewis, and K. L. Lear, “Reliability of 980-nm lasers diode based on Novalux extended cavity surface-emitting laser (NECSEL) concept”, Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers VIII in Photonics West 2004(SPIE), vol. 5364, San Jose, CA, January 24-29, 2004.
 D. Kumar, H. Shao, and K.L. Lear, “Laser based micro-fluidic cavity biosensor”, BioWest 2003, Aurora, CO, October 22, 2003.
 T. Yu, T. Ao, K. Hartinger, H. Shao, C.W. Wilmsen, K.L. Lear, K.M. Geib, S.A. Feld “Electrically pumped fluidic cavity (EPFC) VCSEL for the detection of biologic agents”, Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers VII in Photonics West 2003 (SPIE), vol. 4994, San Jose, CA, January 27, 2003.
 E.M. Strzelecka, J.G. McInerney, A.Mooradian, A.Lewis, A.V. Shchegrov, D.Lee, J.P. Watson, K.W. Kennedy, G.P. Carey, H. Zhou, W. Ha, B.D. Cantos, W.R. Hitchens, D.L. Heald, V.V. Doan, and K.L. Lear, “High-power high-brightness 980-nm lasers based on the extended cavity surface emitting lasers concept”, High-Power Fiber and Semiconductor Lasers in Optoelectronics 2003 in Photonics West 2003 (SPIE), vol. 4993, San Jose, CA, January 27, 2003.
 J.G. McInerney, A.Mooradian, A.Lewis, A.V. Shchegrov, E.M. Strzelecka, D.Lee, J.P. Watson, M.K. Liebman, G.P. Carey, A.Umbrasas, C.A. Amsden, B.D. Cantos, W.R. Hitchens, D.L. Heald, V.V. Doan, J. L. Cannon, and K.L. Lear, “High-brightness 980-nm pump lasers based on the Novalux extended cavity surface-emitting laser (NECSEL) concept”,  Laser Diodes, Optoelectronic Devices, and Heterogenous Integration in Photonics West 2003 (SPIE) , 4947, San Jose, CA, January, 2003.

Other presentations

 GW. Yuan, M.D. Stephens, D.S. Dandy, and K.L. Lear, “Initial demonstration of a local, evanescent, array coupled (LEAC) biosensor concept”, poster presented at Colorado Photonics Industry Alliance Annual Meeting, Boulder, CO, November 15, 2005. (Awarded 3rd best poster out of 26.)
 K. L. Lear, “Optical Interconnects for Commercial CMOS”, IEEE SSCS local chapter seminar presentation with international webcast, Fort Collins, CO, September 2, 2005
 D. Kumar, L. Shao, K. L. Lear, “Fluidic Intracavity Laser Diode (FILD) Sensor”, poster presented at Information Science and Technology Colloquium at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, April 13-14, 2005. (Awarded 2nd best overall poster out of 147.)
 GW. Yuan, M.D. Stephens, D.S. Dandy, and K.L. Lear, “Local Evanescent Array Coupled (LEAC) Biosensor”, poster presented at Information Science and Technology Colloquium at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, April 13-14, 2005. (Awarded 3rd best overall poster out of 147.)
 S. Al-Sowayan and K. L. Lear, “Equalization of Source Non-Idealities for Multimode Fiber Communications”, poster presented at Information Science and Technology Colloquium at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, April 13-14, 2005.
 A. M. Raza, C. Thangaraj, T. Chen, B. Pownall, and K. L. Lear, “Truly CMOS Compatible On-Chip Optical Interconnect for Clock Distribution”, poster presented at Information Science and Technology Colloquium at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, April 13-14, 2005.
 L. Shao, D. Kumar, and K. L. Lear, “Optofluidic Intercavity Spectroscopic (OFIS) Biosensor”, poster presented at Information Science and Technology Colloquium at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, April 13-14, 2005.
 A. N. Al-Omari and K. L. Lear, “17 GHz polyimide planarized VCSELs for chip-to-chip optical interconnects”, poster presented at Information Science and Technology Colloquium at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, April 13-14, 2005.
 A. N. Al-Omari, Z. Liu, J. Flint, D. Kumar, and K. L. Lear, “Thermal impact and management for high-speed VCSELs”, poster presented at Information Science and Technology Colloquium at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, April 13-14, 2005.
 K. L. Lear and S. Al-Sowayan, “Data Pattern Dependence of VCSEL Beam Divergence and the Impact on Multimode Fiber Links”, seminar presented at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K., July 23, 2004
 S. Al-Sowayan and K. L. Lear, “Effects of VCSEL Non-idealities on MMF Links,” seminar presentation at Cielo Communication Inc., Broomfield, CO, March 2004.
 A. Al-Omari and K. L. Lear, “17 GHz polyimide planarized VCSELs” seminar presentation at Cielo Communication Inc., Broomfield, CO, March 2004.
 D. Kumar, H. Shao, and K.L. Lear, “Laser based micro-fluidic cavity biosensor”, poster presented at Colorado Photonics Industry Alliance Annual Meeting, Boulder, CO, November 20, 2003.
 A. N. Al-Omari and K.L. Lear, “High-speed, polyimide-planarized 850 nm VCSEL with 17 GHz bandwidth”, poster presented at Colorado Photonics Industry Alliance Annual Meeting, Boulder, CO, November 20, 2003.
 G. Yuan and K.L. Lear, “Multianalyte Physiological Optical Waveguide”, poster presented at Colorado Photonics Industry Alliance Annual Meeting, Boulder, CO, November 20, 2003.
 S. Al-Sowayan and K. L. Lear, “Dependence of VCSEL Beam Divergence Distribution on Data Pattern”, poster presented at Colorado Photonics Industry Association 4th Annual Meeting, Boulder, CO, November 20, 2003.
 K.L. Lear, “Directly modulated VCSELs for optical interconnects”, presentation for panel on “Sources vs. modulators for high-density interconnects  -- a reexamination of the technology and systems issues” at OSA Annual Meeting, Pheonix, AZ, October, 2003.

Selected Lear publications from Sandia

pdf fileK.L. Lear, V.M. Hietala, H.Q. Hou, M. Ochiai, J.J. Banas, B.E. Hammons, J. Zolper, S.P. Kilcoyne, “Small and large signal modulation of 850 nm oxide-confined vertical cavity surface emitting lasers”, Advances in Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers in series OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics, vol. 15, pp. 69–74, 1997.  (Details on the highest reported VCSEL modulation bandwidth of 21.5 GHz)
pdf fileK.L. Lear, V.M. Hietala, H.Q. Hou, M. Ochiai, J.J. Banas, B.E. Hammons, J. Zolper, S.P. Kilcoyne, “Small and large signal modulation of 850 nm oxide-confined vertical cavity surface emitting lasers”, Summaries of Papers Presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO '97, paper CWA2, vol. 11, pp.193-194, Baltimore, Maryland, May 18-23, 1997.  (Conference presentation summary on the highest reported VCSEL modulation bandwidth of 21.5 GHz)
pdf fileK. L. Lear, K. D. Choquette, R. P. Schneider, S. P. Kilcoyne, and K. M. Geib, "Selectively Oxidized Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers with 50% Power Conversion Efficiency," Electron. Lett. , vol. 31, pp. 208-209, 1995.  (Paper on what was at the time the highest reported VCSEL wallplug efficiency)
pdf fileP. L. Gourley, K. L. Lear, and R. P. Schneider, "A different mirror … ", IEEE Spectrum, vol. 31, pp. 31-37, 1994.  (An introductory paper on vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, VCSELs)
pdf fileK. L. Lear, S. A. Chalmers and K. P. Killeen, "Low Threshold Voltage Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser," Electron. Lett., vol. 29, pp. 584-585, 1993.  (Paper on what was at the time the lowest reported VCSEL threshold voltage)