Note – The entire collection of handouts used for notes in class are available in the Lecture Handouts PDF file and here are Dr. Dave’s Lecture Notes

Week 1

• course website
• student info survey
• Project
• past project videos
• Figure 1.1 – Mechatronic system components
• Example 1.2 – Measurement system – digital thermometer
• Figure 2.2 – Electric circuit terminology
• Figure 2.9 – Axial-lead resistor color bands
• Table 2.2 – Resistor color band codes
• Figure 2.13 – Kirchhoff’s voltage law

Week 1(F) or 2(S)

• Example 2.4 – Circuit analysis (part a, part b)
• Figure 2.18 – Real voltage source with output impedance
• Figure 2.21 – Real ammeter with input impedance
• Figure 2.22 – Real voltmeter with input impedance

Week 2

• Figure 2.28 – Sinusoidal waveform
• Figure 2.29 – Sinusoidal signal DC offset
• Figure 2.30 – Phasor representation of a sinusoidal signal
• Example 2.7 – AC circuit analysis
• Mathcad/Matlab Analysis 2.1 – AC circuit analysis (PDF, Mathcad Prime, pre-Prime Mathcad, Matlab)
  • see textbook Mathcad/Matlab analysis resource page
• Class Discussion Item 2.7 – Reasons for AC
• Video Demonstration 5.2 – Integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing process stages
  • Video Demonstration 5.3 – Chip manufacturing process (another)
  • Video Demonstration 5.4 – How a CPU is made
• Figure 3.2 – pn junction characteristics
  • Video Demonstration 3.1 – How does a transistor work?
• Figure 3.3 – Silicon diode
• Figure 3.6 – Ideal, approximate, and real diode curves
• Example 3.1 – Half-wave rectifier circuit assuming an ideal diode (part a, part b)
• Figure 3.9 – Inductive load flyback protection

Week 2(F) or 3(S)

• Figure 3.11 – Light-emitting diode (LED)
• Figure 3.12 – Typical LED circuit in digital systems
• Video Demonstration 10.4 – Relay and transistor switching circuit comparison
• Figure 3.19 – npn bipolar junction transistor
• Example 3.4 – Guaranteeing a transistor is in saturation

Week 3

• Figure 6.1 – Analog and digital signals
• Table 6.2 – Hexadecimal symbols and equivalents
• Class Discussion Item 6.1 – Nerd Numbers
• Table 6.3 – Combinational logic operations
• Figure 6.25 – QUAD NAND gate IC pin-out
• Section 6.5 Equations – Boolean Algebra Laws and Identities
• Internet Link 6.2 – “Logicly” combinational logic online simulator

Week 4

• Section 6.6 Summary – Design of Logic Networks
• Example 6.4 – Sum of Products and Products of Sums
• Class Discussion Item 6.4 – Equivalence of Sum of Products and Product of Sums
• Figure 6.5 – Clock pulse edges
• Figure 6.6 – RS flip-flop
• Table 6.4 – Truth table for the RS flip-flop
• Figure 6.7 – RS flip-flop internal design and timing
• Figure 6.8 – Edge-triggered RS flip-flops
• Table 6.5 – Positive edge-triggered RS flip-flop truth table
• Class Discussion Item 6.5 – JK Flip-Flop Timing Diagram
• Class Discussion Item 6.6 – Computer Memory
• Project

Week 5

• Figure 6.16 – Switch bounce
• Video Demonstration 6.2 – Switch bounce
• Video Demonstration 6.3 – High voltage disconnect switch
• Figure 6.17 – Switch debouncer circuit
• Class Discussion Item 6.7 – Switch Debouncer Function
  • Figure 6.7 – RS flip-flop internal design and timing
• Figure 6.18 – 4-bit data register
• Figure 6.19 – 4-bit binary counter
• Figure 6.34 – Seven-segment LED display
• Figure 6.33 – Cascaded decade counters
• Figure 6.42 – Monostable multivibrator (one-shot)
• Figure 6.43 – One-shot timing
• Exam I information
• Figure 7.1 – Microcomputer architecture
• Figure 7.2 – Components of a typical full-featured microcontroller
• PIC microcontroller system design examples
  • dc motor PWM control
  • power amp control
  • past project videos

Week 6

• Figure 7.3 – PIC16F84 block diagram
• Figure 7.4 – PIC16F84 pin-out and required external components
• Example PicBasic Code (Threaded Design Example C)
• Table 7.5 – PicBasic Pro statement summary (part a, part b, part c)
• Internet Link 7.6 – PicBasic Pro manual (on-line, PDF file)
• Table 7.3 – Selected PicBasic Pro math operators and functions
• Table 7.4 – PicBasic Pro logical comparison operators
• Section 7.11 – Method to Design a Microcontroller-based System
• Class Discussion Item 7.7 – Home Security System Design Limitation
• Example 7.5 – PicBasic Pro Program for Security System Example (program)
• Example 7.5 – PicBasic Pro program for security system example (figure)

Week 7

• Class Discussion Item 7.9 – Software Debounce
• Figure 7.19 – Interface circuits for input devices
• PIC16F84 datasheet
• Figure 7.20 – Interface circuits for output devices
• Threaded Design Example C.3 – DC motor position and speed controller – full solution with serial interface
  • figures (part a, part b)
  • master (PIC16F88) code
  • slave (PIC16F84) code
  • Video Demonstration 1.8 – DC motor position and speed controller
• Chapter 4 – Mechatronic system components outline
• Figure 4.2 – Amplitude linearity and nonlinearity
• Section 4.3 – Fourier Series Representation of Signals
• Figure 4.4 – Harmonic decomposition of a square wave
• Figure 4.5 – Spectrum of a square wave
• Mathcad/Matlab Analysis 4.1 – Fourier series representation of a square wave (PDF, Mathcad Prime, pre-Prime Mathcad, Matlab – square_wave.m, square_wave_amp.m, square_wave_func.m, square_wave_harmonic.m, square_wave_series.m)
• Class Discussion Item 4.1 – Musical Harmonics
• Video Demonstration 4.4 – Guitar harmonics and chords
• Video Demonstration 4.5 – Piano harmonics and tone spectra
• Video Demonstration 4.6 – Piano keyboard harmonics and chords
• Section 4.4 – Bandwidth and Frequency Response
• Figure 4.6 – Frequency response and bandwidth
• Class Discussion Item 4.3 – Audio Speaker Frequency Response
• Figure 4.7 – Effect of measurement system bandwidth on signal spectrum
• Example 4.1 – Bandwidth of an electrical network (part a, part b)
• Figure 4.8 – Relationship between phase and time displacement
• Class Discussion Item 4.2 – Measuring a Square Wave with a Limited Bandwidth System

Week 8

• Figure 4.11 – Displacement potentiometer
• Figure 4.12 – First-order response
• Video Demonstration 4.9 – RC circuit charging and discharging
• Figure 4.15 – Strip chart recorder as an example of a second-order system
• Figure 4.17 – Second-order step responses
• Section 4.10.2 – Frequency Response of a System
• Figure 4.19 – Second-order system amplitude response
• Video Demonstration 4.10 – Spring-mass second order system frequency response
• Figure 4.20 – Second-order phase response
• Table 4.1 – Second-order system modeling analogies
• Figure 4.21 – Example of system analogies
• Class Discussion Item 4.11 – Initial Condition Analogy
• Figure 4.22 – Mechanical system analogy example
• Section 4.11 – Steps in Converting from One System to an Analogous System
• Figure 5.2 – Op amp terminology and schematic
• Figure 5.4 – Op amp equivalent circuit
• Figure 5.5 – 741 op amp pin-out
• Figure 5.8 – Equivalent circuit for inverting amplifier
• Class Discussion Item 5.1 – Kitchen Sink in an Op Amp Circuit
• Figure 5.11 – Equivalent circuit for noninverting amplifier
• Class Discussion Item 5.2 – Positive Feedback
• Class Discussion Item 5.3 – Example of Positive Feedback
  • Video Demonstration 5.5 – Guitar harmonic feedback demonstration
  • Video Demonstration 5.6 – Jimi Hendrix … the master of feedback

Week 9(F) or 10(S)

• class op amp example solved with superposition
• Figure 5.19 – Ideal integrator
• Figure 5.20 – Improved integrator
• Class Discussion Item 5.5 – Integrator Behavior
• Figure 5.26 – Typical op amp open- and closed-loop response
• Video Demonstration 4.2 – Spectra of whistling and humming, and amplifier saturation
• Example 5.1 – Sizing resistors in op amp circuits
• Figure 8.1 – Analog signal and sampled equivalent
• Figure 8.2 – Aliasing
• Mathcad/Matlab Analysis 8.2 – Recovering a signal from sampled data using the sinc reconstruction filter (PDF, Matchcad Prime, Matlab – sinc_reconstruction_filter_example.m, sinc_reconstruct.m)
  • see Sampling Theory for more information
• Mathcad/Matlab Analysis 8.1 – sampling theorem, aliasing, beat frequency (PDF, Mathcad Prime, pre-Prime Mathcad, Matlab)
• Class Discussion Item 8.2 – Sampling a Beat Signal
• Video Demonstration 8.3 – Beat frequency from mixing signals of similar frequency
• Figure 8.7 – Analog-to-digital conversion
• Class Discussion Item 8.3 – Laboratory A/D Conversion
• Figure 8.14 – A/D flash converter
• Table 8.1 – 2-bit flash converter output
• music sampling illustration
• Class Discussion Item 8.6 – Audio CD Technology
• Lab Book Section 15.1 – dc Power Supply Options for PIC Projects
  • see also:
    • Switch mode power supply tutorial: DC-DC buck converters
    • Buck converter vs. linear voltage regulator – practical comparison
• Lab Book Section 15.2 – Battery Characteristics
• Lab Book Section 15.3 – Relays and Power Transistors
• Video Demonstration 10.4 – Relay and transistor switching circuit comparison
• useful project advice
• Lab Book Section 15.5 – Other Practical Considerations
• Lab Book Section 10.4 – PIC Circuit Debugging Recommendations
• Figure 2.49 – Inductive coupling
• Figure 2.50 – Ground loop

Week 10(F) or 11(S)

• Figure 9.2 – Switches
• Figure 9.4 – Potentiometer
• potentiometer construction illustration
• Figure 9.6 – Linear variable differential transformer
• Internet Link 9.2 – Animation of LVDT function
• Figure 9.7 – LVDT linear range
• Figure 9.8 – LVDT demodulation
• Class Discussion Item 9.2 – LVDT Demodulation
• Figure 9.9 – LVDT output filter
• Class Discussion Item 9.3 – LVDT Signal Filtering
• Figure 9.10 – Components of an optical encoder
• Video Demonstration 9.6 – Encoder components
• Figure 9.11 – 4-bit gray code absolute encoder disk track patterns
• absolute encoder disk illustration
• Figure 9.12 – 4-bit natural binary absolute encoder disk track patterns
• Table 9.1 – 4-bit gray and natural binary codes
• digital encoder construction illustration
• Figure 9.14 – Incremental encoder disk track patterns
• Figure 9.15 – Quadrature direction sensing and resolution enhancement
• Class Discussion Item 9.4 – Encoder Binary Code Problems
• Figure 9.13 – Gray-code-to-binary-code conversion
• Figure 9.16 – 1X quadrature decoder circuit
• Class Discussion Item 9.6 – Encoder 1X Circuit with Jitter
• Class Discussion Item 9.7 – Robotic Arm with Encoders
• Exam II information

Week 11(F) or 12(S)

• Video Demonstration 10.14 – DC and stepper motor examples
• Figure 10.2 – Solenoids
• Figure 10.3 – Voice coil
• Class Discussion Item 10.1 – Examples of Solenoids, Voice Coils, and Relays
• Figure 10.6 – Motor construction and terminology
• Figure 10.10 – Electric motor field-field interaction
• Class Discussion Item 10.2 – Eddy Currents
• Figure 10.8 – Electric motor field-current interaction
• Video Demonstration 10.11 – DC motor components
• Video Demonstration 10.17 – Stepper motor step response and acceleration through resonance
• Video Demonstration 10.18 – High-speed video of medium speed response
• Video Demonstration 1.7 – Stepper motor position and speed controller
• Figure 10.24 – Stepper motor step sequence
• Figure 10.25 – Dynamic response of a single step
• Figure 10.28 – Example of a unipolar stepper motor
• Table 10.1 – Unipolar full-step phase sequence
• Table 10.2 – Unipolar half-step phase sequence
• Figure 10.32 – Unipolar stepper motor full-step drive circuit
• Class Discussion Item 10.6 – Stepper Motor Logic
• Video Demonstration 10.22 – Stepper Motors and how to use them

Week 12(F) or 13(S)

• Figure 9.17 – Metal foil strain gage construction
• Figure 9.18 – Rectangular conductor
• Class Discussion Item 9.8 – Piezoresistive Effect in Strain Gages
• Figure 9.20 – Dynamic unbalanced bridge circuit
• Class Discussion Item 9.9 – Wheatstone Bridge Excitation Voltage
• Figure 9.21 – Leadwire effects in 1/4 bridge circuits
• Figure 9.23 – Temperature compensation with a dummy gage in half bridge
• Figure 9.26 – General state of planar stress on the surface of a component
• Figure 9.29 – Rectangular strain gage rosette
• Lab Figure 13.4 – Strain gage rosette experimental setup
• Video Demonstration 9.9 – Strain gage rosette experiment
• Internet Link 9.4 – Strain gage rosette experiment analysis
• Bearing signature analysis
  • data from good bearing (close-up view)
  • data from bad bearing
  • FFT for good bearing
  • FFT for bad bearing
  • machine diagnostics example
• potentiometer example demonstrating A/D conversion, serial communication, and LCD messaging
  • video demonstration
  • functional diagram
  • detailed wiring diagram
  • Fritzing breadboard wiring diagram
  • sender PIC code
  • receiver PIC code
  • Arduino version of receiver
• circuit for louder audio from a microcontroller

Week 13(F) or 14(S)

• Video Demonstration 9.12 – Bouncing ball accelerometer
• Figure 9.44 – Accelerometer displacement references and free-body diagram
• Section 9.5 – Accelerometer Frequency Response
• Figure 9.45 – Ideal accelerometer amplitude response
• Figure 9.46 – Ideal accelerometer phase response
• Figure 9.48 – Piezoelectric accelerometer construction
• Figure 9.51 – Piezoelectric accelerometer frequency response
• Class Discussion Item 9.14 – Amplitude Anomaly in Accelerometer Frequency Response
• Class Discussion Item 9.15 – Piezoelectric Sound
• Video Demonstration 9.11 – Thermocouple with a digital thermometer
• Figure 9.34 – Thermocouple circuit
• Figure 9.35 – Law of leadwire temperatures
• Figure 9.36 – Law of intermediate leadwire metals
• Figure 9.37 – Law of intermediate junction metals
• Figure 9.38 – Law of intermediate temperatures
• Figure 9.39 – Law of intermediate metals
• thermoelectric sensitivity data
• Type J thermocouple curve
• Table 9.2 – Thermocouple data
• Figure 9.40 – Standard thermocouple configuration
• Mathcad/Matlab Analysis 9.1 – thermocouple calculations (PDF, Mathcad Prime, pre-Prime Mathcad, Matlab – thermo.m, thermo_temp.m)

Week 15

• in-class comprehensive case-study logic-circuit truth table

Week 16

• Figure 10.11 – Motor torque-speed curve
• Figure 10.12 – DC permanent magnet motor schematic and torque-speed curve
• Figure 10.17 – Permanent magnet DC motor characteristics
• Figure 10.18 – Pulse width modulation of a DC motor
• Figure 10.20 – PWM voltage and motor current
• Design Example 10.1 – H-bridge drive for a DC motor (part a, part b, part c)
• project evaluation form
• end-of-semester group evaluation form