Walter Scott, Jr. College of Engineering

Research Experiences for Undergraduates

Summer 2022: Airborne Connections

Mentored research experiences for undergraduate students.

Participate in one ten-week-long research project.

Engage in hands-on experiments in state-of-the-art facilities with faculty mentors.

Develop research skills and problem solving abilities. 

Get support from graduate student mentors and fellow participants.

Grow your professional and peer network.

Discover innovative solutions to society’s airborne challenges.

The Program

Overview

The Department of Mechanical Engineering at CSU will host ten undergraduate participants each summer over the next three years, offering each cohort a 10-week intensive research program that includes professional development. To achieve our program goals, we will pursue the following objectives:

1. Provide opportunities for a diverse cohort of undergraduate students to experience research, conceptualize complex human-natural interactions affecting the atmosphere, and understand the role of focused research in solving an interdisciplinary problem.

2. Foster skills required for success in STEM careers, including graduate study, through individual planning, person-to-person mentoring, and scheduled offerings for professional development.

3. Systematize a recruitment program that facilitates the participation of first-generation and non-traditional students in the research enterprise.

Impact

Summer Research Program participants will include a significant number of students from groups traditionally underrepresented in STEM, and who might otherwise lack high-quality research opportunities. 

The CSU Mechanical Engineering Summer Research Program will:

1. Expand the US workforce in the area of area of airborne contaminants, which is of critical importance to all industries.

2. Generate research results that can lead to discoveries and innovations to address a complex challenge to well-being that is deeply entangled with human and natural activities, and help solve real-world problems.

3. Offer a diverse group of student participants an immersive environment conducive to high-level collaborations and exchanges. 

Outline

Undergraduate students will spend 10 weeks pursuing individualized research projects.

The program will kick off with a weekend at the CSU Mountain Campus, where students and mentors will participate in team-building activities. 

Week 1: students will be introduced to CSU’s Principles of Community, given a tour of the campus and lab facilities, trained on laboratory safety and protocols, and oriented to CSU library resources.

Weeks 2-9: and after research projects are underway, technology and professional development colloquies will be given by ME faculty and graduate students. Visits to local laboratories and companies will be spread out over the program to enhance the research experience while maximizing research productivity.

Weekly, group meetings will give the participants a chance to explain their projects and address questions from their peers.

The program will conclude with an IGNITE Event at which students will present their research to faculty mentors and graduate students.

80%

Time spent on research-related activities

10%

Time spent on professional development-related activities

10%

Time spent on foundational seminars

Training will include:

Principles of Community discussion

Laboratory safety practices

Lab notebook record keeping

Informal research meetings

Intellectual property and ethics issue discussions

Technical writing and presentation skill building

Resume-writing and interview skill building

Career panel discussion

Final Research Presentation - Poster Session

The capstone event of our program will be an IGNITE event at which students will present their research to faculty mentors and graduate students.

Students will take the poster to their home institution and will be encouraged to present and display the poster for other students.

Post-Program

Students will continue collaborative work with mentors after the 10-week experience. Research mentors will maintain contact with students to help them prepare and present research results at regional and national engineering meetings and conferences.

The Summer Research Program will invite students to be informal mentors to new participants or to speak to groups to share their experiences in science and their career planning.

Research Projects

Project #1: Microphysical and Optical Properties of Bioaerosols - Associate Professor Shantanu Jathar
Hypothesis: Natural biological particles have size, number, and fluorescent behavior that aid their detection, distinct from other airborne particles.

Significance: Small particles of biological origin that include viruses, bacteria, pollen, and spores are linked to respiratory diseases to the formation and properties of ice clouds. This group, in collaboration with Handix Scientific (an atmospheric instrument company), has developed a fluorescent portable optical particle spectrometer that can measure size, number, and fluorescence of bioaerosols.

Student activities: Literature review to identify suitable bioaerosol proxies (e.g., synthetic particles, biochemicals, pollen) for study; real-time analysis of scattered and fluorescence data for single particles; systematic characterization across environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, relative humidity).

Specific research skills: Programming high time-resolution data acquisition system; instrumental familiarity.
Project #2: High-throughput robotic assays for air pollution samples - Professor John Volckens
Hypothesis: Non-destructive spectroscopic techniques suitable for automated, robotic analysis provide adequate characterization of filter samples of fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5).

Significance: This work will help develop the “chemistry lab of the future” where samples of fine particulate matter, collected on filters, are automatically assayed for mass and composition using robotics and automation. The current prototype facility is capable of assaying hundreds of samples per day for particulate matter mass and black carbon. This project will extend that capability to metals, ions, and other species in the air.

Student activities: Design and test sample holders and interfaces using rapid-prototyping approaches. Validate measurement techniques against standard reference instruments.

Specific research skills: Robotics programming and instrument control with Labview; familiarity with cutting-edge spectroscopic instrumentation (visible and infrared light absorption, beta-attenuation, x-ray fluorescence).
Project #3: Emission Monitoring with Airborne Mobile Sensors - Professor Azer Yalin
Hypothesis: Industrial and agricultural emissions can be more precisely quantified and located using sensor and analytical technologies.

Significance: The natural gas industry emits a substantial amount of methane. The use of mobile sensor platforms on automobiles or drones provides a scalable (high throughput) approach to rapidly quantifying emissions from many sites. This research develops sensitive trace-gas laser sensors with small size and low power for mobile deployment, and analytical methods to infer the emission rate based on measured downwind concentrations.

Student activities: Operate and deploy laser sensors for air quality measurements in field settings; sampling studies.

Specific research skills: Basic theory of optical sensing; sensor design; field study design and data analysis; application of laser sensors.
Project #4: Perching Drones for Long-duration Emission Monitoring - Associate Professor Jianguo Zhao
Hypothesis: Long-duration monitoring of emissions can be carried out reliably by perching drones that carry emission sensors and alight onto objects (e.g. tree branches).

Significance: To precisely capture the spatial-temporal variations of air pollutants, persistent monitoring of an area from days to months is needed. Traditional flying robots cannot accomplish such tasks since they can stay airborne for less than one hour because of their low aerodynamic efficiency and high energy consumption. Perching has recently been leveraged to allow flying robots to maintain a desired location without using additional energy, so that these robots can monitor a given area for a long duration. Dr. Zhao’s recent work provides a basis to design mechanisms and vision-based control algorithms to use these perching drones for monitoring.

Student activities: Design, fabricate, and test mechanical grippers that can passively attach to rod-like objects; Implement vision-based algorithms that help control the drone’s speed; Integrate gripper and vision algorithms to enable autonomous perching.

Specific research skills: mechanical design; additive manufacturing; programming with open-source library for vision (e.g., openCV); system integration.
Project #5: Mining Periodicity and Composition of Indoor Air Quality Samples to Determine Emission Rates and Dominant Influences - E. Carter
Hypothesis: Temporal variation and chemical composition of gases and particles in indoor and outdoor air pollution samples can support identification and quantification of exposure sources.

Significance: Environmental quality in indoor environments is highly variable, yet measurements are sporadic, and data on indoor activities and emission drivers are out-of-date or sparsely collected. Dr. Carter’s group has time-resolved measurements of indoor, outdoor, and personal air pollutants and activity drivers for hundreds of homes in Colorado (Denver and Fort Collins) and China. These archived data contain a wealth of information that is not fully analyzed. Techniques for rapid identification of sources could provide greater understanding of resource-poor indoor environments and impacts on exposure and health.

Student activities: Analyze high-resolution temporal air pollution profiles and chemical composition in novel ways to elucidate underlying structure and identify predominant determinants and causes of high and low exposures.

Specific research skills: Field-based air quality and exposure assessment; time series analysis; source apportionment; spectrophotometric analysis of air pollution samples.
Project #6: Interaction Between Space Conditioning Systems and Indoor Radon - P. Francisco
Hypothesis: Ducted furnaces and air conditioners cause radon levels to vary in the indoor residential environment.

Significance: Radon is considered to be the second leading cause of lung cancer, after smoking. Indoor radon concentrations vary with time, and depend on weather and built-environment variables, but the mechanisms leading to this variability are unknown. Most radon tests are done on very short timescales, so that testing and mitigation decisions are made without a full understanding of the context of the how different characteristics may affect the results. The operation of forced-air furnaces may influence radon concentrations on different levels of the home. Understanding this mechanism will help people make more informed decisions regarding when to test for radon and how to interpret the results.

Student activities: Analyze long-term hourly radon measurements at different levels in about 100 homes; compare with estimates of heating and cooling demand.

Specific research skills: Understand indoor environments physically and conceptually; manage large data sets; statistical data analysis with R.
Project #7: Oxidative Potential of Wildfire Smoke by Atmospheric Residence Time - S. Magzamen
Hypothesis: Oxidative potential of fine particulate matter from wildfires depends on the original location of those fires: local to Colorado, or transported long distances from fires along the West Coast and the Canadian Interior.

Significance: Wildfire smoke has meaningful influences on pollution concentrations in the Front Range of Colorado. Dr. Magzamen’s group has demonstrated that the health effects of wildfire smoke depend on whether its provenance is local versus transported over long distances. This difference may be attributed to other causes, oxidative potential of aged particles is higher compared to fresh particles. We have demonstrated the ability to capture wildfire smoke events using a suite of low-cost air sensors. This project will leverage a current NSF field campaign to fuse earth observations with ground-based measurements to determine bioaerosol components associated with wildfire smoke.

Student activities: Deploy sensors in field settings; use advanced techniques to determine oxidative potential; estimate smoke origin using remote sensing products, analyze relation between smoke origin and oxidative potential.

Specific research skills: R programming, data analysis, field work, sample analysis.
Project #8: Incorporating Built Environment Features into Health Impact Metrics - Professor Tami Bond
Hypotheses: Overall exposure to air pollutants can be reduced when decisions about building operation take indoor and outdoor air concentrations into account; simple metrics can be designed to balance these influences.

Research significance: When outdoor air concentrations are high, as when wildfires are active, adverse exposure comes from air exchange between indoors and outdoors. On the other hand, when contaminants are generated indoors, as during airborne disease outbreaks, exchanging air can reduce exposure. Building ventilation and structure characteristics determine indoor-outdoor exchange. Metrics like Effective Rebreathed Volume and intake fraction describe the transfer of pollutant from source to receptor, but need modification for use in balancing ventilation strategies.

Student activities: Model building operation scenarios, confirm indoor-outdoor exchange of pollutants occurs in controlled situations, and assess the accuracy of simple metrics for communicating risk.

Specific research skills: Python programming, pressure and flow measurement, data analysis.
Project #9: Climate Impact Metrics that Include Emission Timing - Associate Professor Jason Quinn
Hypothesis: Life cycle impacts of energy systems depend on the timing of emissions, which must be accounted for.

Significance: Greenhouse gas accounting currently does not consider the temporal resolution of emissions. This study is focused on fundamental technology assessment of energy technologies based on including a time value of emissions. The work will build on an existing tool set used to convey the impacts of emissions including temporal resolution. The outcomes support informed decisions on impacts of new energy generation facilities over the life of the facility incorporating future environmental dynamics. This work will couple life cycle assessment with techno-economics to include temporal impacts on carbon accounting related to emission timing. A component of the work is generation of interactive models for outreach activities on campus and in secondary schools.

Student activities: Choose a technology such as renewable natural gas, energy storage, or electrified transportation and develop time-dependent metrics.

Specific research skills: Core skill set of sustainability modeling techniques; life cycle assessment; development of educational materials.
Project #10: Anticipatory Control of Air Filtration During Adverse Air Quality Events - Assistant Research Professor Christian L’Orange
Hypothesis: Concentrations of air pollutants that penetrate from outdoors to indoors can be reduced with the use of controls that adapt based on measured outdoor concentrations.

Research significance: The intrusion of outdoor pollution into indoor environments can be substantial and can result in unhealthy indoor air quality levels. Increasing filtration within homes is often recommended during adverse air quality events to help maintain safe indoor air quality conditions. Although filtration can improve indoor air quality, extra filtration comes at a monetary and logistical cost and needs to be optimized. Changes in indoor air concentrations often lag changes in outdoor concentrations. This lag presents an opportunity to begin the filtration of indoor air spaces before the conditions indoors start to decline. Anticipatory air filtration could provide the benefits of clean indoor air and simultaneously reduce the operational costs.

Student activities: Demonstrate the feasibility of protecting indoor air by controlling ventilation and filtration based on real-time outdoor air quality measurements.

Specific research skills: Modeling mechanical components, microprocessor programming, data acquisition and collection, data analysis.
Previous slide
Next slide

Facilities

Powerhouse Energy Campus

Renovated in 2014, the Colorado State University Powerhouse Energy Campus is located near the heart of downtown Fort Collins. The Powerhouse consists of a state-of-the-art 100,000 square-foot green building that is a model for sustainable building practices and innovative architectural design. In 2015, the campus was awarded the Platinum Level LEED certification from U.S. Green Building Council. The campus is a collaborative ecosystem of researchers, faculty, staff, students, and companies. It receives local, national, and global recognition for its interdisciplinary approach and groundbreaking work on engine technology, electric grids, biofuels, energy access in the developing world, and energy focused entrepreneurship. Research students will have desks in this building, and most faculty advisor laboratories are located here.

The Powerhouse serves as the headquarters of the Energy Institute. The Colorado State University Energy Institute is a horizontally-integrated organization within Colorado State University with a mission to develop energy and climate solutions at-scale that achieve global impact. The Powerhouse Energy Campus and the Energy Institute serve as a nexus point for multiple undergraduate research and educational opportunities including the CSU Energy Club, an undergraduate minor in Sustainable Energy, and the CSU Energy Institute Summer Internship Program.

Advanced Aerosols and Air Quality Research Laboratories

A collection of multi-disciplinary and collaborative research labs have been developed at the Powerhouse Energy Campus, focusing on aerosols and air quality research. The capabilities in these facilities span from fundamental characterization of air pollutants to the development of new analysis techniques to the quantification of the health and climate impacts of air pollution. The facilities consist of over 3,500 ft2 of analytical laboratory space designated for research in aerosol technology and air pollution exposure assessment. A few of the key capabilities that will be available as part of the program include: a 1.0 m3 aerosol test chamber, emissions collection hoods, a chemical fume hood, electronics workbench for circuit prototyping and testing, an automated filter analysis robot (project #2) and over $1,000,000 in aerosol and air pollution analysis instrumentation. The resources in these facilities will be leverage for several of the projects, including #1, 2, 5, and 10.

Laser Sensing and Diagnostics Center

The Laser Sensing and Diagnostics Centers focuses on laser-based measurement of gases, plasmas, and plasma-surface interactions for plasma science and electric propulsion applications. Research efforts include laser ignition of engines, laser combustion diagnostics, high-power fiber delivery, and laser sensing for environmental and health applications. The approximately 2,300 ft2 laboratory includes extensive equipment associated with laser diagnostics and spectral analysis. The laboratory will be leveraged to prepare the laser diagnostic systems to be used in project #3.

Adaptive Robotics Laboratory

The Adaptive Robotics Laboratory aims to design and build novel, small, and adaptive robots that can reconfigure their shapes, structures, or functionalities to fulfill multiple tasks (e.g., walking, flying, swimming) in diverse environments (e.g., on land, in the air, or under water). The lab seeks to leverage mechanical and biological principles, novel materials, and dynamic control systems design cutting edge new designs. The Adaptive Robotics Laboratory partners with the Little Shop Of Physics program (an initiative run by the CSU Physics Department) to provide hands on demonstrations to inspire the interest of K12 students in STEM. The Adaptive Robotics Laboratory will be leveraged to build and test the miniature robots used in project #4.

Faculty

Laboratory

Research Areas

The Team

Tami Bond

Dr. Tami Bond, Principal Investigator

Dr. Tami Bond is a professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department and Walter Scott, Jr. Presidential Chair in Energy and Environment. She leads and participates in cross-disciplinary research collaborations that address complex environmental problems. Her instructional work has emphasized teaching and curriculum development for sophomores and juniors, including guided exposure to extra-disciplinary concepts (1000+ students over 12 years). About 20 undergraduate students have participated in her research group. In the last decade, she has focused research mentoring on non-traditional participants, especially practitioners at non-profit organizations without engineering degrees or research background. Some of these partners have co-authored publications, while others create professional impact in policy. As an undergraduate, Dr. Bond was a returning student who self-supported her degree in Mechanical Engineering, beginning with community college and distance learning.

As PI for the program, Dr. Bond is responsible for organizing research projects and faculty mentors, expanding the recruiting program, designing the suite of professional development activities, and assessing and updating program activities. She will be closely involved with applicant selection. Dr. Bond’s appointment as Presidential Chair involves cross-campus and inter-campus organizing of faculty activities toward multi-investigator proposals, so her support includes only the increment needed to integrate a student program.

Dr. Christian L'Orange, Co-Principal Investigator

Dr. Christian L’Orange is a research assistant professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering. Dr. L’Orange is a licensed professional engineer and certified project management professional. He will be involved with student selection. Leveraging his 15+ years’ experience at Powerhouse Energy Campus, he will be a point of contact for students for logistical needs. He will lead student onboarding related to the facility including building safety and operation policies. He will mentor students in the professional conduct of research, particularly those relating to research and laboratory practices and project management, and will host weekly office hours to ensure regular guidance

Amanda Lager Gleason, Program Adminisrator

Amanda Lager Gleason has a Master of Science in Education with a specialization in Higher Education Student Affairs, including training in multicultural counseling. She has nearly a decade of experience recruiting and advising undergraduate and graduate students in mechanical and other engineering majors, developing cocurricular programming for high achieving students, and advising national fellowship applicants on STEM awards. During the summer experience, she will organize and manage professional development opportunities. She will assist in maintaining schedules, disseminating outreach materials, and interfacing with the external evaluator for assessment procedures. She will collaborate with the website manager, organize recruiting activities and applications, and communicate decisions to applicants. She will assist incoming students with travel and housing arrangements.

Faculty Mentors

Participating mechanical engineering faculty have extensive experience mentoring undergraduate and graduate students, are available for research project discussion and consultation, have been chosen based on their specialized research labs programs, and are committed to developing undergraduate researchers into future STEM leaders.

Receive one-on-one support from faculty mentors during the summer program and a continued connection to ensure your growth and success. Click the professors and labs to learn more!

Support

Graduate Student Mentors

Each research student will have a graduate student mentor, The mentor and student will work closely to define the scope of the student’s research work, develop research tasks, and ensure the student understands the research.  The mentor will provide counseling as needed so the student can build on concepts learned in educational seminars and professional development seminars and activities. 

Once a week, a graduate student mentor from a lab will meet in an informal setting with students to discuss his/her student experiences, lessons learned, suggestions, real-life process for graduate school preparation and acceptance, etc.

Peer Networking

Summer Research Program participants will meet regularly for official activities. In addition, informal events such as hiking and whitewater rafting will be organized by the Site hosts. The CSU Graduate School offers many opportunities to network with students across campus in different research areas.

Group Meetings

Summer Research Program students will participate in a series of group meetings where they can present their research (10-minute presentation plus 5-10 minute discussion) faculty mentors, graduate students, and each other. Students will give joint talks on student collaborations.

Social Activities

Application

Application will go live on November 1, 2021 and will be accepted through February 15, 2022.
Students will be notified by March 15, 2022.

Requirements

Personal Statement   |   Unofficial College Transcript   |   Resume or Curriculum Vitae

Two References   |   Online Application

Contact

Questions? Contact Amanda Lager Gleason, Graduate Program Specialist

amanda.lager_gleason@colostate.edu

Mechanical Engineering at Colorado State University is about using our knowledge of materials, energy, and health to solve society’s global engineering challenges.

Mechanical engineering at Colorado State University is about using our knowledge of materials, energy, and health to solve society’s global engineering challenges.

Join Us.

Join Us.

Undergraduate

Programs and Information

Graduate

Programs and Information

People

Faculty and Staff

Facilities

Labs and Researchers