Graduate Exam Abstract
Wenbing Dang
Ph.D. Final
November 22, 2013, 9am-11am
ENGRG 102 Suite, CBE Conference Room
Signal Design for Active Sensing
Abstract: Active sensing is an emerging sensing technology with numerous
applications in science and engineering. Advances in active sensors
bring in increasingly agile transmitter and receivers. This enable
arbitrary waveform illumination of the scene using increased
degrees of freedoms, and processing of the scene return to form an
image, estimate parameters, or detect targets. In this thesis we
focus on two featured applications of active sensing: radar and
optical imaging. The signal design for radar imaging typically lies in
two categories: ambiguity function theory and interference
cancellation. The ambiguity function theory applies for the scenario
of point targets in white noise. The principle for ambiguity function
theory is to design good radar ambiguity functions with sharp
mainlobe and small sidelobe in range and Doppler. The interference
cancellation addresses radar imaging when targets are interfered by
structured perturbations which come from clutters for instance.
Modern radars are increasingly being equipped with arbitrary
waveform generators that enable the transmission of different
waveforms across multiple degrees of freedoms: time, frequency,
polarization, and aperture. This gives us the opportunity to revisit
and extend the classical signal design for radar imaging. For
ambiguity function theory, we develop a general framework for
designing Doppler resilient illuminations through waveform
coordination across time, frequency, and aperture. The issue of
sensitivity to Doppler exists for all traditional phase coded radar
waveforms with impulse-like auto-correlation functions. Off the
zero Doppler axis, the magnitude of range sidelobe of the
ambiguity function of a phase code waveform can be significant,
meaning that a weak target that is located in range near a strong
reflector with a different velocity/Doppler frequency may be
masked by the range sidelobe of centered at the delay- Doppler
position of the stronger reflector. In contrast, we show that by
properly coordinating the waveforms phase coded by
complementary sequences, we can annihilate the range sidelobe of
ambiguity function inside a modest Doppler interval, and hence
bring out the weak targets from the range sidelobe of nearby strong
reflectors. For interference cancellation we study a joint design of
transmitter and receiver for multiple- in-multiple-out (MIMO)
phased-array radar, using a joint optimization of transmit
waveform, receive filter bank, and receive beamformer based on the
minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) principle. This
MIMO radar system is capable to perform radar imaging when
targets and clutters in scene are extended in range, Doppler, and
azimuth angle. The subspace for the target response vector is
derived in a closed form. The design objective is to select the
transmit waveform, receive filter bank, and receive beamformer to
minimize the beamformer output power with a fixed signal power.
The advances in optical imaging also promise sophisticated
illumination design and receiver design. The spatial light
modulators (SLMs) and optical masks enable structured illumination
or excitation on the object, and the optical detectors, such as
charge-coupled device (CCD) detectors, enable a two dimensional
sampling of light intensity. Vast combinations of structure
illumination and receive processing provide us opportunities to
investigate the optical imaging methods with faster imaging speed
and higher resolution. For optical imaging, we consider an optical
imaging with a single-pixel detector. Compared to the 2-D
detectors, a single detector can work in a broader band. The
imaging approach utilizes a spatial structured illumination
generated by an SLM or optical mask. The measurements are inner
products between the line-scans of object transmittance and the
mask representations. Therefore the imaging speed can be much
faster than that of the conventional point-by-point scanning
methods. We exploit compressed sensing (CS) as a principle for
line-scanned imaging with single-pixel detector. We study the
robustness of CS to the misfocus effect. It turns out the CS design is
reliable at moderate demagnification factors. However, at high
demagnification factors, CS design becomes less credible or even
useless.
Adviser: Ali Pezeshki
Co-Adviser: Mahmood R. Azimi-Sadjadi
Non-ECE Member: Chris Peterson, Math
Member 3: Edwin Chong, ECE/Math
Addional Members: n/a
Publications:
W. Dang, A. Pezeshki, S. D. Howard, W. Moran, and R. Calderbank, "Doppler resilient transmit-receive filters for radar pulse compression", submitted to IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing.
W. Dang, A. Pezeshki, R. A. Bartels, "Sensitivity to line-scanned compressed sensing optical imaging to misfocus", submitted to J. Opt. Soc. Am. A.
W. Dang, A. Pezeshki, S. D. Howard, W. Moran, and R. Calderbank, "MIMO radar signal integrity in the presence of Doppler", IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, in preparation.
W. Dang and L. L. Scharf, "Extensions to the theory of widely linear complex Kalman filtering", IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, Dec. 2012 or Jan. 2013, to appear.
W. Dang, M. Tao, H. Mu and J. Huang, "Subcarrier-pair based resource allocation for cooperative multi-relay OFDM systems", IEEE Trans. on Wireless Communications, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 1640-1649, May 2010.
W. Dang, A. Pezeshki, S. D. Howard, W. Moran, and R. Calderbank, "Signal integrity of MIMO phase-array radar in the presence of Doppler", IEEE Radar Conference 2014, submitted.
W. Dang, A. Pezeshki, S. D. Howard and W. Moran, "Coordinating complementary waveforms across time and frequency", IEEE Statistical Signal Proc. Workshop, Ann Arbor, MI, Aug. 5-8, 2012.
W. Dang, D. G. Winters, D. Higley, A. Pezeshki and R. A. Bartels, "High-speed single-pixel line-scan imaging with a time sequence of intensity masks reconstructed through compressed sensing", SPIE Photonics West, San Francisco, CA, Jan. 21-26, 2012.
W. Dang, A. Pezeshki, S. D. Howard, W. Moran and A. R. Calderbank, "Coordinating complementary waveforms for sidelobe suppression", Forty-fifth Asilomar Conf. Signals, Syst., Comput., Pacific Grove, CA, Nov. 6-9, 2011.
R. Bartels, D. Winters, D. Kupka, W. Dang, A. Pezeshki, "Extracting information from optical fields through spatial and temporal modulation", Frontiers in Optics, San Jose, CA, Oct. 16, 2011.
A. Pezeshki, W. Dang and R. A. Bartels, "Mask Design for High-resolution Optical Imaging", SPIE Wavelets and Sparsity XIV, San Diego, CA, Aug. 21-25, 2011.
W. Dang, M. Tao, H. Mu and J. Huang, "Subcarrier-pair based resource allocation for cooperative AF multi-relay OFDM systems", IEEE GLOBECOM'09, Honolulu, HI, USA, Nov. 30-Dec. 3, 2009.
H. Mu, M. Tao, W. Dang and Y. Xiao, "Joint subcarrier-relay assignment and power allocation for decoded-and-forward multi-relay OFDM systems", ChinaCom'09, Xi'an, China, Aug. 26-28, 2009.
Program of Study:
ECE457
ECE504
ECE514
ECE516
ECE520
ECE614
ECE651
ECE652
